Magnet.cxx

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// Copyright 2019-2020 CERN and copyright holders of ALICE O2.
// See https://alice-o2.web.cern.ch/copyright for details of the copyright holders.
// All rights not expressly granted are reserved.
//
// This software is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public
// License v3 (GPL Version 3), copied verbatim in the file "COPYING".
//
// In applying this license CERN does not waive the privileges and immunities
// granted to it by virtue of its status as an Intergovernmental Organization
// or submit itself to any jurisdiction.
 
#include <DetectorsBase/Detector.h>
#include <DetectorsBase/MaterialManager.h>
#include <Alice3DetectorsPassive/Magnet.h>
#include <Alice3DetectorsPassive/PassiveBaseParam.h>
#include <TGeoCompositeShape.h>
#include <TGeoManager.h>
#include <TGeoMatrix.h>
#include <TGeoMedium.h>
#include <TGeoVolume.h>
#include <TGeoTube.h>
 
using namespace o2::passive;
 
Alice3Magnet::~Alice3Magnet() = default;
Alice3Magnet::Alice3Magnet() : Alice3PassiveBase("ALICE3_MAGNET", "") {}
Alice3Magnet::Alice3Magnet(const char* name, const char* title) : Alice3PassiveBase(name, title) {}
Alice3Magnet::Alice3Magnet(const Alice3Magnet& rhs) = default;
 
Alice3Magnet& Alice3Magnet::operator=(const Alice3Magnet& rhs)
{
  if (this == &rhs) {
    return *this;
  }
 
  Alice3PassiveBase::operator=(rhs);
 
  return *this;
}
 
void Alice3Magnet::createMaterials()
{
  auto& matmgr = o2::base::MaterialManager::Instance();
  int isxfld = 2.;
  float sxmgmx = 10.;
  o2::base::Detector::initFieldTrackingParams(isxfld, sxmgmx);
 
  // Current information is scarce, we have some X/X0 and thicknesses but no full material information
  // We use then two main materials: Aluminium for insulation, cryostats, stabiliser, supports and strips.
  // Copper for the coils.
  // Latest updated reference table is, for the moment:
  // +------------------+-------------------------+----------+--------+
  // |  layer           | effective thickness [mm]|  X0 [cm] | X0 [%] |
  // +------------------+-------------------------+----------+--------+
  // | Support cylinder |           20            |  8.896   | 0.225  |
  // | Al-strip         |            1            |  8.896   | 0.011  |
  // | NbTi/Cu          |            3            |  1.598   | 0.188  |
  // | Insulation       |           11            |  17.64   | 0.062  |
  // | Al-stabiliser    |           33            |  8.896   | 0.371  |
  // | Inner cryostat   |           10            |  8.896   | 0.112  |
  // | Outer cryostat   |           30            |  8.896   | 0.337  |
  // +------------------+-------------------------+----------+--------+
  // Update: 2025-06-16 enabledby setting Alice3PassiveBase.mLayout=1
  // +------------------+-------------------------+----------+--------+
  // |  layer           | effective thickness [mm]|  X0 [cm] | X0 [%] |
  // +------------------+-------------------------+----------+--------+
  // | Support cylinder |           20            | 8.896 | 0.225     |
  // | Al-strip         |            1            | 8.896 | 0.011     |
  // | NbTi/Cu          |            3            | 1.598 | 0.188     |
  // | Insulation       |           11            | 17.64 | 0.062     |
  // | Cu-stabiliser    |           22            | 1.436 | 1.532     |
  // | Inner cryostat   |           10            | 8.896 | 0.112     |
  // | Outer cryostat   |           30            | 8.896 | 0.337     |
  // | total            |                         |       | 2.468     |
  // +------------------+-------------------------+----------+--------+
  // Geometry will be oversimplified in two wrapping cylindrical Al layers (symmetric for the time being) with a Copper layer in between.
 
  //
  // Air
  //
  float aAir[4] = {12.0107, 14.0067, 15.9994, 39.948};
  float zAir[4] = {6., 7., 8., 18.};
  float wAir[4] = {0.000124, 0.755267, 0.231781, 0.012827};
  float dAir = 1.20479E-3;
  float dAir1 = 1.20479E-11;
 
  float epsil, stmin, tmaxfd, deemax, stemax;
  epsil = .001;   // Tracking precision,
  stemax = -0.01; // Maximum displacement for multiple scat
  tmaxfd = -20.;  // Maximum angle due to field deflection
  deemax = -.3;   // Maximum fractional energy loss, DLS
  stmin = -.8;
 
  matmgr.Mixture("ALICE3_MAGNET", 1, "VACUUM$ ", aAir, zAir, dAir1, 4, wAir);
  matmgr.Material("ALICE3_MAGNET", 9, "ALUMINIUM$", 26.98, 13., 2.7, 8.9, 37.2);
  matmgr.Material("ALICE3_MAGNET", 19, "COPPER$", 63.55, 29., 8.96, 1.436, 15.1);
 
  matmgr.Medium("ALICE3_MAGNET", 1, "VACUUM", 1, 0, isxfld, sxmgmx, tmaxfd, stemax, deemax, epsil, stmin);
  matmgr.Medium("ALICE3_MAGNET", 9, "ALUMINIUM", 9, 0, isxfld, sxmgmx, tmaxfd, stemax, deemax, epsil, stmin);
  matmgr.Medium("ALICE3_MAGNET", 19, "COPPER", 19, 0, isxfld, sxmgmx, tmaxfd, stemax, deemax, epsil, stmin);
 
  // WindingPack: effective composite material (NbTi:Cu:Al = 1:1:24 by area)
  // Combines NbTi/Cu superconducting cable and Al stabiliser as a single effective medium
  // Based on ICN-UNAM standalone simulation (I. Perez Garcia)
  // Mass fractions: NbTi=8.10% (Nb=4.05%, Ti=4.05%), Cu=11.18%, Al=80.72%
  // Density: 2.96 g/cm3
  float aWP[4] = {92.90638f, 47.867f, 63.546f, 26.982f};
  float zWP[4] = {41.f, 22.f, 29.f, 13.f};
  float wWP[4] = {0.0405f, 0.0405f, 0.1118f, 0.8072f};
  float dWP = 2.96f;
  matmgr.Mixture("ALICE3_MAGNET", 29, "WINDINGPACK", aWP, zWP, dWP, 4, wWP);
  matmgr.Medium("ALICE3_MAGNET", 29, "WINDINGPACK", 29, 0, isxfld, sxmgmx, tmaxfd, stemax, deemax, epsil, stmin);
}
 
void Alice3Magnet::ConstructGeometry()
{
  createMaterials();
 
  // Passive Base configuration parameters
  auto& passiveBaseParam = Alice3PassiveBaseParam::Instance();
 
  switch (passiveBaseParam.mMagnetLayout) {
    case o2::passive::MagnetLayout::MagStandardRadius: // Values taken from https://indico.cern.ch/event/1516752/contributions/6598922/attachments/3148108/5593121/ALICE3_magnet_071025.pdf
      mInnerWrapInnerRadius = 140.f;                   // cm Inner radius of the inner wrap (Aluminium stabilizer)
      mInnerWrapThickness = 1.f;                       // cm
      mCoilInnerRadius = 160.f;                        // cm
      mCoilThickness = 0.3f;                           // cm
      mRestMaterialRadius = 160.3f;                    // cm
      mRestMaterialThickness = 6.8f;                   // cm
      mOuterWrapInnerRadius = 180.f;                   // cm
      mOuterWrapThickness = 3.f;                       // cm
      mZLength = 750.f;                                // cm Length of the magnet (Z direction)
      break;
    case o2::passive::MagnetLayout::MagReducedRadius:
      mInnerWrapInnerRadius = 125.f; // cm
      mInnerWrapThickness = 1.f;     // cm
      mCoilInnerRadius = 145.f;      // cm
      mCoilThickness = 0.3f;         // cm
      mRestMaterialRadius = 145.3f;  // cm
      mRestMaterialThickness = 6.8f; // cm
      mOuterWrapInnerRadius = 165.f; // cm
      mOuterWrapThickness = 3.f;     // cm
      mZLength = 800.f;              // cm
      break;
    case o2::passive::MagnetLayout::MagThickRadius: // Values taken from https://indico.cern.ch/event/1516752/contributions/6598922/attachments/3148108/5593121/ALICE3_magnet_071025.pdf
      mInnerWrapInnerRadius = 140.f;                // cm Inner radius of the inner wrap (Aluminium stabilizer)
      mInnerWrapThickness = 1.f;                    // cm
      mCoilInnerRadius = 160.f;                     // cm
      mCoilThickness = 0.3f;                        // cm
      mRestMaterialRadius = 160.3f;                 // cm
      mRestMaterialThickness = 6.8f;                // cm
      mOuterWrapInnerRadius = 200.f;                // cm
      mOuterWrapThickness = 3.f;                    // cm
      mZLength = 750.f;                             // cm Length of the magnet (Z direction)
      break;
    default:
      LOG(fatal) << "Unknown detector layout " << passiveBaseParam.mMagnetLayout;
      break;
  }
 
  bool doCopperStabilizer = false;
  bool doWindingPack = false;
  switch (passiveBaseParam.mMagType) {
    case o2::passive::MagnetType::AluminiumStabilizer:
      // Handled in the header file
      break;
    case o2::passive::MagnetType::CopperStabilizer:
      doCopperStabilizer = true;
      mRestMaterialThickness -= 3.3; // cm Remove the Aluminium stabiliser
      mRestMaterialThickness += 2.2; // cm Add the Copper stabiliser
      LOG(debug) << "Alice 3 magnet: using Copper Stabilizer with thickness " << mRestMaterialThickness << " cm";
      break;
    case o2::passive::MagnetType::WindingPack:
      doWindingPack = true;
      LOG(debug) << "Alice 3 magnet: using WindingPack (NbTi+Cu+Al) coil";
      break;
    case o2::passive::MagnetType::SuperconductingMagnet:
      // Ian Perez Garcia design (ICN-UNAM) — radios desde DetectorConstruction.cc
      doWindingPack = true;           // usa WindingPack como material del coil
      mInnerWrapInnerRadius = 140.f;  // cm — pared interna criostato
      mInnerWrapThickness = 1.0f;     // cm — Al
      mCoilInnerRadius = 160.f;       // cm — bobina (tras gap de vacío)
      mCoilThickness = 0.3f;          // cm — NbTi/Cu
      mRestMaterialRadius = 160.3f;   // cm — soporte bobina
      mRestMaterialThickness = 15.7f; // cm — Al
      mOuterWrapInnerRadius = 197.f;  // cm — soporte restante (6 cm Al) + pared externa
      mOuterWrapThickness = 3.0f;     // cm — pared externa Al, R=197-200
      mZLength = 800.f;               // cm
      LOG(debug) << "Alice 3 magnet: using Ian Perez Garcia design (ICN-UNAM)";
      break;
    default:
      LOG(fatal) << "Unknown magnet layout " << passiveBaseParam.mMagType;
      break;
  }
 
  TGeoManager* geoManager = gGeoManager;
  TGeoVolume* barrel = geoManager->GetVolume("barrel");
  if (!barrel) {
    LOGP(fatal, "Could not find barrel volume while constructing Alice 3 magnet geometry");
  }
 
  auto& matmgr = o2::base::MaterialManager::Instance();
  auto kMedAl = matmgr.getTGeoMedium("ALICE3_MAGNET_ALUMINIUM");
  auto kMedCu = matmgr.getTGeoMedium("ALICE3_MAGNET_COPPER");
  auto kMedWP = matmgr.getTGeoMedium("ALICE3_MAGNET_WINDINGPACK");
  auto kMedVac = matmgr.getTGeoMedium("ALICE3_MAGNET_VACUUM");
 
  // inner wrap
  LOGP(debug, "Alice 3 magnet: creating inner wrap with inner radius {} cm and thickness {} cm", mInnerWrapInnerRadius, mInnerWrapThickness);
  TGeoTube* innerLayer = new TGeoTube(mInnerWrapInnerRadius, mInnerWrapInnerRadius + mInnerWrapThickness, mZLength / 2);
  TGeoTube* innerVacuum = new TGeoTube(mInnerWrapInnerRadius + mInnerWrapThickness, mCoilInnerRadius, mZLength / 2);
  // coils layer
  LOGP(debug, "Alice 3 magnet: creating coils layer with inner radius {} cm and thickness {} cm", mCoilInnerRadius, mCoilThickness);
  TGeoTube* coilsLayer = new TGeoTube(mCoilInnerRadius, mCoilInnerRadius + mCoilThickness, mZLength / 2);
  TGeoTube* restMaterial = new TGeoTube(mRestMaterialRadius, mRestMaterialRadius + mRestMaterialThickness, mZLength / 2);
  TGeoTube* outerVacuum = new TGeoTube(mRestMaterialRadius + mRestMaterialThickness, mOuterWrapInnerRadius, mZLength / 2);
  // outer wrap
  LOGP(debug, "Alice 3 magnet: creating outer wrap with inner radius {} cm and thickness {} cm", mOuterWrapInnerRadius, mOuterWrapThickness);
  TGeoTube* outerLayer = new TGeoTube(mOuterWrapInnerRadius, mOuterWrapInnerRadius + mOuterWrapThickness, mZLength / 2);
 
  TGeoVolume* innerWrapVol = new TGeoVolume("innerWrap", innerLayer, kMedAl);
  TGeoVolume* innerVacuumVol = new TGeoVolume("innerVacuum", innerVacuum, kMedVac);
  TGeoVolume* coilsVol = new TGeoVolume("coils", coilsLayer, doWindingPack ? kMedWP : kMedCu);
  TGeoVolume* restMaterialVol = new TGeoVolume("restMaterial", restMaterial, doCopperStabilizer ? kMedCu : kMedAl);
  TGeoVolume* outerVacuumVol = new TGeoVolume("outerVacuum", outerVacuum, kMedVac);
  TGeoVolume* outerWrapVol = new TGeoVolume("outerWrap", outerLayer, kMedAl);
 
  innerWrapVol->SetLineColor(kRed + 2);
  innerVacuumVol->SetLineColor(kRed + 2);
  coilsVol->SetLineColor(kRed + 2);
  restMaterialVol->SetLineColor(kRed + 2);
  outerVacuumVol->SetLineColor(kRed + 2);
  outerWrapVol->SetLineColor(kRed + 2);
 
  new TGeoVolumeAssembly("magnet");
  auto* magnet = gGeoManager->GetVolume("magnet");
  magnet->AddNode(innerWrapVol, 1, nullptr);
  magnet->AddNode(innerVacuumVol, 1, nullptr);
  magnet->AddNode(coilsVol, 1, nullptr);
  magnet->AddNode(restMaterialVol, 1, nullptr);
  magnet->AddNode(outerVacuumVol, 1, nullptr);
  magnet->AddNode(outerWrapVol, 1, nullptr);
 
  magnet->SetVisibility(1);
 
  barrel->AddNode(magnet, 1, new TGeoTranslation(0, 30.f, 0));
}
 
FairModule* Alice3Magnet::CloneModule() const
{
  return new Alice3Magnet(*this);
}
ClassImp(o2::passive::Alice3Magnet)